2022 Disarmament Orientation Course - Reading List

Key reading:

• UN Disarmament Agenda: Securing Our Common Future, UN Secretary-General Guterres, May 2018
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/sg-agenda/en/
• Disarmament: A Basic Guide – Fourth Edition (2017), Melissa Gillis
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/publications/basic-guide/disarmament-a-basic-guide-fourth-edition-2017/

Other readings:

• The Guterres Disarmament Agenda and the Challenge of Constructing a Global Regime for Weapons, Randy Rydell, 27 May 2020
  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2020.1764259?scroll=top&needAccess=true&
• Why Arms Control Matters Today, Thomas Countryman, May 2020
  http://www.afsa.org/why-nuclear-arms-control-matters-today
• Reversing the Slide - Intensified Great Power Competition and the Breakdown of the Arms Control Endeavour, Lewis Dunn, 2019
  https://unidir.org/publication/reversing-slide
• Still Behind the Curve: Gender Balance in Arms Control, Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Diplomacy, Renata Hessmann Dalaqua, Kjølv Egeland, Torbjørn Graff Hugo, 24 June 2019
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/presentation-still-behind-curve

Key reading:

• An Introduction to the Conference on Disarmament, UNODA
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/conference-on-disarmament
• The factsheet on the Conference on Disarmament, UNODA
  https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/CD-Fact-Sheet-Jan2021.pdf
• Mandate and Working Methods in the Conference on Disarmament, Ignacio Cartagena, 2019
  https://unidir.org/publication/mandate-and-working-methods-conference-disarmament

Key reading:

• Introduction to Disarmament: machinery, processes and the Role of the United Nations–eLearning Module 2019
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/update/the-office-for-disarmament-affairs-launches-its-first-elearning-module-providing-an-introduction-to-disarmament/

Other readings:

• The First Committee of the United Nations General Assembly
  https://www.un.org/en/ga/first/
• The United Nations Disarmament Commission
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/institutions/disarmament-commission/
• The factsheet on the Secretary-General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters
  https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ABDM-Fact-Sheet-Jan2021.pdf
• UNODA Strategic Plan 2021-2025
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/unoda-strategic-plan-2021-2025/

Key reading:

• Compliance and Enforcement: Lessons from across WMD-Related Regimes, James Revill, John Borrie, Pavel Podvig, and Jennifer Hart, 2019
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/compliance-and-enforcement-lessons-across-wmd-related-regimes

Other readings:

• Compliance and Enforcement in WMD-related Treaties, Treasa Dunworth, 2019
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/compliance-and-enforcement-wmd-related-treaties
• Exploring the Future of WMD Compliance and Enforcement: Workshop Report, James Revill, Alexander Ghionis and Laetitia Zarkan, UNIDIR publication, 15 April 2020
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/exploring-future-wmd-compliance-and-enforcement-workshop-report
• UNODA Fact Sheet on the Secretary-General’s Mechanism for Investigation of Alleged Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons (SGM)
  https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SGM-Fact-Sheet-Jan2021.pdf
• UNODA Fact Sheet on Security Council resolution 1540 (2004) https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1540-Fact-Sheet-Jan2021.pdf
• UNODA Overview of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones https://www.un.org/nwfz/content/overview-nuclear-weapon-free-zones 

Key reading:

• Borrie, John and Lewis A. Dunn. “The Strategic Context for Nuclear Disarmament, Deterrence and Strategic Arms Control Dialogue”, Geneva, Switzerland: UNIDIR.
  https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/20/DDAC/01
• Miller, S.E., 2020. A Nuclear World Transformed: The Rise of Multilateral Disorder. Dædalus, 149(2), pp.17-36.
  https://www.amacad.org/publication/nuclear-world-transformed-rise-multilateral-disorder

Other readings:

• Towards Greater Nuclear Restraint: Raising the Threshold for Nuclear Weapon Use, Dr Tytti Erasto and Petr Topychkanov, SIPRI, May 2020
  https://www.sipri.org/publications/2020/sipri-insights-peace-and-security/towards-greater-nuclear-restraint-raising-threshold-nuclear-weapon-use
• Identifying Collaborative Actions to Reduce Today's Nuclear Dangers. Geneva: UNIDIR, 2021. Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/21/DDAC/03 
• Gender Champions in Nuclear Policy: Impact Report 2019 (GCNP is a project of the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI))
  https://www.gcnuclearpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/GCNP_Impact_Report_2019.pdf
• Let’s Be Realists: Eleven answers to common questions and comments about nuclear weapons, International Campaign Against Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), June 2020
  https://www.icanw.org/lets_be_realists

Key reading:

• The 2020 NPT Review Conference: Prepare for Plan B, Robert Einhorn, February 2020
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/2020-npt-review-conference-prepare-plan-b

Other reading:

• Is Past Prologue? Examining NPT Review Conference Commitments, Tariq Rauf, 18 February 2020
  https://unidir.org/publication/past-prologue-examining-npt-review-conference-commitments
• Postponement of the 2020 NPT Review Conference: Possible Implications, commentary by Angela Kane and Tom Markram, May 2020
  https://www.nonproliferation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/comments_postponement_2020_npt_reviewcon.pdf
• Pathways Forward for the ME WMDFZ Process and 2020 NPT Review Conference: Conference Report, Chen Zak Kane, April 2020
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/pathways-forward-me-wmdfz-process-and-2020-npt-review-conference-conference-report

Key reading:

• The Humanitarian Initiative and the TPNW. Alexander Kmentt, 2021.
  https://toda.org/assets/files/resources/policy-briefs/t-pb-104_alexander-kmentt.pdf
• The TPNW in Practice: Elements for Effective National Implementation. James Revill, Renata Hessmann Dalaqua, and Wilfred Wan. Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, 2021. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2021.1930737  

• Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons: Legal Factsheet, April 2018
  https://www.icrc.org/en/document/2017-treaty-prohibition-nuclear-weapons

Other readings:

• Obstacles to understanding the emergence and significance of the treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons, John Borrie, Michael Spies and Wilfred Wan, 27 April 2018
  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14781158.2018.1467394

• The TPNW: Setting the Record Straight, Norwegian Academy of International Law, Gro Nystuen Kjølv Egeland Torbjørn Graff Hugo, October 2018
  http://intlaw.no/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/TPNW-Setting-the-record-straight-Oct-2018-WEB.pdf

• Addressing the Nuclear Ban Treaty, Rebecca Davis Gibbons, The Washington Quarterly Volume 42, April 2019 - Issue 1
  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0163660X.2019.1590080

• Information on TPNW Status And Compliance, Nuclear Weapons Ban Monitor
  https://banmonitor.org/

Key reading:

• Nuclear Disarmament Verification: Survey of Verification Mechanisms, Tim Caughley, 5 October 2016
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/nuclear-disarmament-verification-survey-verification-mechanisms

Other readings:

• Watch Them Go: Simplifying the Elimination of Fissile Materials and Nuclear Weapons Pavel Podvig and Ryan Snyder, 15 August 2019
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/watch-them-go-simplifying-elimination-fissile-materials-and-nuclear-weapons

• Nuclear Disarmament Verification: Survey of Verification Mechanisms, Tim Caughley, 5 October 2016
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/nuclear-disarmament-verification-survey-verification-mechanisms

• Final report of the GGE NDV
  https://undocs.org/A/74/90

Other readings:

• IAEA Mechanisms to Ensure Compliance with NPT Safeguards, Olli Heinonen, March 2020
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/iaea-mechanisms-ensure-compliance-npt-safeguards

• IAEA Safeguards (see NPT art. III), Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) commentary:
  https://media.nti.org/documents/NTI_Paper_Safeguards_FINAL_5-8-20.pdf

Other readings:

• Pavel Podvig, “Fissile Material (Cut-off) Treaty: Elements of the Emerging Consensus” (UNIDIR, 2016),
  http://www.unidir.org/files/publications/pdfs/fissile-material-cut-off-treaty-elements-of-the-emerging-consensus-en-650.pdf

• Fissile Material (Cut-off) Treaty: Definitions, Verification, and Scope, Pavel Podvig, 8 August 2016
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/fissile-material-cut-treaty-definitions-verification-and-scope

Other readings:

• Nuclear Risk Reduction: Closing Pathways to Use, edited by Wilfred Wan; Contributions by John Borrie, Hassan Elbahtimy, Ulrich Kühn, Tanya Ogilvie-White, Ankit Panda, and Manpreet Sethi, UNIDIR publication, 20 April 2020
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/nuclear-risk-reduction-closing-pathways-use

• Nuclear Risk Reduction: A Framework for Analysis, Wilfred Wan, UNIDIR publication, 28 June 2019
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/nuclear-risk-reduction-framework-analysis

• Nuclear Risk Reduction: The State of Ideas, Wilfred Wan, a UNIDIR publication, 24 April, 2019
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/nuclear-risk-reduction-state-ideas
• The Cyber-Nuclear Nexus: Interactions and Risks, Wan, Wilfred, Andraz Kastelic, and Eleanor Krabill. Geneva: UNIDIR, 2021. https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/21/NRR/03
• How many intensive care beds will a nuclear weapon explosion require? Tom Sauer, Ramesh Thakur, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, April 28, 2020
  https://thebulletin.org/2020/04/how-many-intensive-care-beds-will-a-nuclear-weapon-explosion-require/

• Nuclear Testing and Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) Timeline, Arms Control Association, June 2019
  https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Nuclear-Testing-and-Comprehensive-Test-Ban-Treaty-CTBT-Timeline

• The inside story of the Group of Scientific Experts and its key role in developing the CTBT verification regime, O Dahlman, F Ringdal, J Mackby & S Mykkeltveit, The Non-proliferation Review, 3 June 2020
  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10736700.2020.1764717

Key reading:

• UNODA Fact Sheet on the Biological Weapons Convention
  https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/BWC-Fact-Sheet-Jan2021.pdf
• Back to the Future for Verification in the Biological Disarmament Regime?, J. Revill, J. Borrie and R. Lennane. UNIDIR, Geneva, 2022. 
  https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/21/BWC/02

Other readings:

• Preparing for Success at the Ninth Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Review Conference, James Revill, John Borrie, Richard Lennane and Emma Saunders, UNIDIR, 6 April 2021
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/preparing-success-ninth-biological-and-toxin-weapons-convention-review-conference-0
• Dan Gerstein, “Could the bioweapons treaty be another tool for addressing pandemics?”
  https://thebulletin.org/2021/03/could-the-bioweapons-treaty-be-another-tool-for-addressing-pandemics/
• The Biological Weapons Convention, an Introduction, BWC ISU (2017) UNODA
  https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/The-BWC-An-Introduction.pdf

• Compliance and Enforcement in the Biological Weapons Regime, Filippa Lentzos, December 2019
  https://unidir.org/publication/compliance-and-enforcement-biological-weapons-regime

• Warmbrod. L, Revill. J & Connell. N. 2020. "Advances in Science and Technology in the Life Sciences and their Implications for Biosecurity and Arms Control.” Geneva, Switzerland: UNIDIR
  https://doi.org/10.37559/SecTec/20/01

• Chris Bakerlee, Steph Guerra, Christine Parthemore, Damien Soghoian, and Jacob Swett, “Common Misconceptions About Biological Weapons”
  https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Common-Misconceptions-About-Biological-Weapons_BRIEFER-12_2020_12_7.pdf

• Chaturvedi, Sachin, “Post-COVID-19 Development and Global Governance: The Emerging Role of Science and Technology”
  https://oecd-development-matters.org/2020/09/10/post-covid-19-development-and-global-governance-the-emerging-role-of-science-and-technology/

• Podcast: Episode 45: Conversation - Dr. Filippa Lentzos on biological threats in the 21st century
  https://unitednationslibrarygeneva.podbean.com/e/episode-45-conversation-with-dr-filippa-lentzos/?token=366c3e6e74b68506be5d189b70894999

• Missing Links: Understanding Sex-and Gender-related Impacts of Chemical and Biological Weapons, Renata Hessmann Dalaqua, James Revill, Alastair Hay, and Nancy Connell, 2019
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/missing-links-understanding-sex-and-gender-related-impacts-chemical-and-biological

• Bio Plus X: Arms Control and the Convergence of Biology and Emerging Technologies, Kolja Brockmann, Sibylle Bauer and Vincent Boulanin, SIPRI, March 2019
  https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2019-03/sipri2019_bioplusx_0.pdf

Key reading:

• The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) at a Glance, Arms Control Association, April 2020
  https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/cwcglance
• Ralf Trapp & Cheng Tang, “Enhancing the Management and Enforcement of Compliance in the Regime Prohibiting Chemical Weapons”, UNIDIR, Geneva, 2021, https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/21/CWC/01

Other readings:

• What is a Chemical Weapon? OPCW, 2020
  https://www.opcw.org/our-work/what-chemical-weapon

• Chemical Weapons, UNODA
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/chemical/

• Collateral Damage? The Chemical Weapons Convention in the Wake of the Syrian Civil War. J. Hart and R. Trapp, Arms Control Today, 48(3), 2018, pp.6-13
  https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2018-04/features/collateral-damage-chemical-weapons-convention-wake-syrian-civil-war

• Three Decades of Chemical Weapons Elimination: More Challenges Ahead. P.F. Walker, Arms Control Today. December 2019
  https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2019-12/features/three-decades-chemical-weapons-elimination-more-challenges-ahead
• Compliance Management under the Chemical Weapons Convention. Trapp, Ralf. 2019.  Geneva, Switzerland: UNIDIR 
  https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/19/WMDCE3

Key reading:

• UNIDIR Gender and Disarmament Online Hub: Provides an overview of how gender perspectives have been integrated in arms control so far, as well as ideas to promote gender equality in disarmament
  https://www.unidir.org/gender

• Connecting the Dots: Arms Control, Disarmament and the Women Peace and Security Agenda (Available in Arabic, English, French and Spanish), study by Henri Myrttinen, UNIDIR, 2020
  https://unidir.org/publication/connecting-dots

Other readings:

• Still Behind the Curve: Gender Balance in Arms Control, Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Diplomacy
  Study by Renata Hessmann Dalaqua, Kjølv Egeland, Torbjørn Graff Hugo, UNIDIR, 2019.
  https://unidir.org/publication/still-behind-curve

• Gender & Disarmament Resource Pack, International Gender Champions Disarmament Impact Group, January 2020
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/gender-disarmament-resource-pack
• Women Managing Weapons: Perspectives for Increasing Women’s Participation in Weapons and Ammunition Management. Study by Hana Salama and Emma Bjertén-Günther, 2021.
  https://unidir.org/publication/women-managing-weapons 

• Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Africa, Christine Butegwa, 2020
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-africa
• Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Asia. Workshop report by Renata Hessmann Dalaqua, Shimona Mohan and Hana Salama, 2021. 
  https://unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-south-and-south-east-asia

Key reading:

• Strengthening compliance with IHL: Disappointment and hope, Helen Durham, ICRC, December 14, 2018
  https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2018/12/14/strengthening-compliance-with-ihl-disappointment-and-hope/

Other readings:

• Implementing International Humanitarian Law: From Law to Action, Legal factsheet, ICRC, 4 December 2019
  https://www.icrc.org/en/document/implementing-international-humanitarian-law-law-action

• Guidelines on Investigating Violations of International Humanitarian Law, Law, Policy, and Good Practice devised jointly by the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights and the ICRC, September 2019
  https://www.geneva-academy.ch/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Guidelines%20on%20Investigating%20Violations%20of%20IHL.pdf
  https://www.icrc.org/en/document/guidelines-investigating-violations-ihl-law-policy-and-good-practice

Other readings:

• Report of the Secretary-General on current developments in science and technology and their potential impact on international security and disarmament efforts
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/report-of-the-secretary-general-on-current-developments-in-science-and-technology/

• Stemming the Exploitation of ICT Threats and Vulnerabilities, Camino Kavanagh, 24 June 2019
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/stemming-exploitation-ict-threats-and-vulnerabilities

• The 2020 Innovations Dialogue Conference Report, Life Sciences, International Security and Disarmament
  https://unidir.org/publication/2020-innovations-dialogue-conference-report

• Leadership and Nuclear Decision Making in the New Information Ecosystem, 27 May 2020
  https://www.hoover.org/news/qa-harold-trinkunas-herbert-s-lin-and-benjamin-loehrke-presidential-leadership-and-nuclear

• Borrett. V., Hanham. M., Jeremias. G., Forman. J., Revill. J., Borrie. J., Åstot. C., Baulig. A., Curty. C., Dorner. B.G, Fraga. C., Gonzalez. D., Mikulak. R., Noort. D., Raza. S. K., Tang. C., Timperley. C., van Straten. F.M, van Zalen. E., Vanninen. P., Waqar. F. 2020. “Science and Technology for WMD compliance monitoring and investigations”. WMD Compliance and Enforcement Series No. 11. Geneva, Switzerland: UNIDIR.
  https://unidir.org/publication/science-and-technology-wmd-compliance-monitoring-and-investigations

Other readings:

• #Youth4Disarmament website
  https://www.youth4disarmament.org/

• #Youth4Disarmament podcast: Youth leaders discuss how young people can act as “ultimate forces for change” in new Disarmament Today podcast

• The Youth for Biosecurity workshop (#Youth4biosec): Young Scientists from the Global South Join the Second Edition of the Youth for Biosecurity Workshop

Other readings:

• Reaching Critical Will (RCW), the disarmament programme of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF). RCW is active in most multilateral forums, providing analysis and advocacy for disarmament, the reduction of global military spending and militarism, and the investigation of gendered aspects of the impact of weapons and of disarmament processes
  https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/news/newsletters-archive
  https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/disarmament-fora

• UNODA maintains a list of Research Institutes, Academic Institutions and NGOs that are active on disarmament issues:
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/about/related-links/research-institutes-academic-institutions-and-ngos/

Other readings:

• Five main diplomatic functions, Marc Finaud, 1 March 2019
  https://www.gcsp.ch/global-insight/key-skills-five-main-diplomatic-functions-0

• Guide to International Disarmament Law, Tobias Vestner: Interview with Tobias Vestner, of the Geneva Center for Security Policy on the #DisarmApp – the companion app to the Guide to International Disarmament Law, 17 February 2020
  Maya Plentz Interviews Tobias Vestner of the Geneva Center for Security Policy for www.TheShift.info (Podcast);

Key reading:

• Integrating Conventional Arms Control into Conflict Prevention- “Good Offices and Guns”, Simon Yazgi, UNIDIR Commentary, June 2020
  https://unidir.org/commentary/good-offices-and-guns

Other readings:

• The Impact of Poorly Regulated Arms Transfers on the Work of the United Nations, UNODA Occasional Papers – No. 23, March 2013 ISBN: 978-92-1-142292-4
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/publications/occasionalpapers/no-23/
• Alternative Approaches in Multilateral Decision Making: Disarmament as Humanitarian Action, edited and contributed to by John Borrie and Vanessa Martin Randin as well as by R. Coupland and P. McCarthy, 23 May 2005
  https://unidir.org/publication/alternative-approaches-multilateral-decision-making-disarmament-humanitarian-action
• Reaching Critical Will, https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/
• ICRC IHL databases, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl-search.nsf/content.xsp

Key reading:

• 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Legal Factsheet, 4 December 2019
  https://www.icrc.org/en/document/1980-convention-certain-conventional-weapons

Other readings:

• UNODA CCW Factsheet, January 2020
  https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/CCW-Fact-Sheet-Jan2021.pdf

Key reading:

• An international ban on anti-personnel mines: History and negotiation of the "Ottawa Treaty", Stuart Maslen, Peter Herby, (article, International Review of the Red Cross, No. 325), 31 December 1998
  https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/article/other/57jpjn.htm

Other readings:

• UNODA Occasional paper No. 34, The Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention: 20 Years of Saving Lives and Preventing Indiscriminate Harm
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OP-34-web1.pdf
• Gender mainstreaming in mine action: Powerful interlinkages for progress across the SDGs, Laura Biscaglia, Vanessa Gomes Sampaio, Ursign Hofmann, Marion Provencher Langlois
  GICHD, December 2018
  https://www.gichd.org/en/resources/publications/detail/publication/gender-mainstreaming-in-mine-action-powerful-linkages-for-progress-across-the-sdgs/
• Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor, http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/home.aspx

Key reading:

• Unacceptable Harm - A History of How the Treaty to Ban Cluster Munitions was Won, 2009, John Borrie, UNIDIR, 14 December 2009
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/unacceptable-harm-history-how-treaty-ban-cluster-munitions-was-won

Other readings:

• A Guide to Cluster Munitions, GICHD/CCM ISU, May 2016
  https://www.clusterconvention.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/A-Guide-to-Cluster-Munitions.pdf

• Domestic Measures to Implement the Convention on Cluster Munitions, ICRC, 3 June 2020
  https://www.icrc.org/en/document/domestic-measures-implement-convention-cluster-munitions

Key reading:

• Arms Trade Treaty Universalization Toolkit, ATT Secretariat, ATT/CSP5.WGTU/2019/CHAIR/532/Conf.Rep, 26 July 2019
  https://thearmstradetreaty.org/hyper-images/file/ATT_CSP5_ATT%20Universalization%20Toolkit%20(Annex%20A%20to%20WGTU%20Co-chairs%20Draft%20Report%20to%20CSP5)/ATT_CSP5_ATT%20Universalization%20Toolkit%20(Annex%20A%20to%20WGTU%20Co-chairs%20Draft%20Report%20to%20CSP5).pdf

Other readings:

• The Arms Trade Treaty: A Practical Guide to National Implementation, Sarah Parker, Small Arms Survey, 2016
  https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/resource/arms-trade-treaty-practical-guide-national-implementation

• Reinvigorating the Narrative:  The Broader Benefits of the Arms Trade Treaty, Centre for Armed Violence Reduction, 2017. (Booklet)  https://armedviolencereduction.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Spano-Alpers-CAVR-BBB-Broader-Benefits-of-the-Arms-Trade-Treaty-Booklet-EN.pdf (Full report) https://armedviolencereduction.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Spano-Alpers-CAVR-BBB-Broader-Benefits-of-the-Arms-Trade-Treaty-1.pdf

• The Arms Trade Treaty: Obligations to Prevent the Diversion of Conventional Arms, 
  Brian Wood, 23 June 2020
  https://unidir.org/publication/arms-trade-treaty-obligations-prevent-diversion-conventional-arms
• Arms Trade Treaty Monitor, https://attmonitor.org/en/

Key reading:

• Protecting Civilians from the Use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas - Briefing Paper, International Network on Explosive Weapons, May 2020
  http://www.inew.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/INEW-2020-BRIEF-1.pdf

Other readings:

• Opportunities to strengthen lines of action and military practices to reduce damage to civilians from explosive weapons, Roger Lane and Himayu Shiotani, UNIDIR publication, April, 2020
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/opportunities-strengthen-military-policies-and-practices-reduce-civilian-harm-explosive
• Factsheet: Gendered Impacts of EWIPA, UNIDIR, 2021. 
  https://unidir.org/publication/gendered-impacts-explosive-weapons-populated-areas

• Urban Conflict & Targeting: A Special Problem for Protection, Roger Lane, Simon Karanja, Larry Lewis, Himayu Shiotani, Einas Mohammed, 29 May 2020
  https://unidir.org/publication/urban-conflict-targeting-special-problem-protection

Key readings:

• A Guide to the UN Small Arms Process, 2016, Sarah Parker with Marcus Wilson, Small Arms Survey
  http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/Q-Handbooks/HB-02-Diplo-Guide/SAS-HB02-Guide-UN-Small-Arms-Process.pdf

Other readings:

• Outcome of the Seventh Biennial Meeting of States to Consider the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, A/CONF.192/BMS/2021/CRP.2/Rev.1
• International Action Network on Small Arms, https://iansa.org/
• Small Arms Survey, https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/

Key reading:

• Alternative Approaches and Indicators for the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space, Benjamin Silverstein, Daniel Porras, John Borrie, May 2020
  https://unidir.org/publication/alternative-approaches-and-indicators-prevention-arms-race-outer-space

Other readings:

• Insight – Developing Norms of Behavior for Space, Chris Johnson, 5 February 2020
  https://swfound.org/news/all-news/2020/02/insight-developing-norms-of-behavior-for-space/?mc_cid=7cc702d6d3&mc_eid=dcb74e0a15

• Eyes on the Sky – Rethinking Verification in Space, Daniel Porras, 2019
  https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/19/Space01

• International Perspectives on Space Weapons, Todd Harrison, 27 May 2020.
  https://www.csis.org/analysis/international-perspectives-space-weapons

• Paul Meyer. 2020. Space Dossier File 6: Ballistic Missile Defence and Outer Space Security: A Strategic Interdependence, 29 June 2020
  https://unidir.org/publication/space-dossier-file-6-ballistic-missile-defence-and-outer-space-security-strategic

• The Fault Is Not in Our Stars: Avoiding an Arms Race in Outer Space, David A. Koplow, 2018
  https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/2083/

Key reading:

• The Implications of Hypersonic Weapons for International Stability and Arms Control: Report on a UNIDIR-UNODA Turn-based Exercise, September 2019
  https://www.unidir.org/publication/implications-hypersonic-weapons-international-stability-and-arms-control-report-unidir

Other readings:

• UNODA Vienna Short Course Series on Missiles 2020
  https://www.disarmamenteducation.org/index.php?go=education&do=training-missiles

• The low-yield nuclear warhead: A dangerous weapon based on bad strategic thinking, Andrew Facini, 28 January 2020
  https://thebulletin.org/2020/01/the-low-yield-nuclear-warhead-a-dangerous-weapon-based-on-bad-strategic-thinking

Key reading:

• Modernizing Arms Control, Giacomo Persi Paoli, Kerstin Vignard, David Danks and Paul Meyer, UNIDIR, 2020
  https://unidir.org/publication/modernizing-arms-control

Other readings:

• The Militarization of Artificial Intelligence, UNODA, Stanley Center and Stimson Center, 3 June 2020
  https://www.un.org/disarmament/the-militarization-of-artificial-intelligence/
• Recent advances in artificial intelligence contribute to nuclear risk, Report by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 22 June 2020
  https://www.sipri.org/media/2020/recent-advances-artificial-intelligence-contribute-nuclear-risk-new-sipri-report

Key reading:

• UNIDIR on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems, July 2021
  https://unidir.org/publication/unidir-lethal-autonomous-weapons

Other readings:

• Table-Top Exercises on the Human Element and Autonomous Weapons System, 
  Giacomo Persi Paoli, Alice Spazian, Alisha Anand, July 2021
  https://unidir.org/publication/table-top-exercises-human-element-and-autonomous-weapons-system
• The Human Element In Decisions About The Use Of Force, Merel Ekelhof and Giacomo Persi Paoli, a UNIDIR publication, April 2020
  https://unidir.org/publication/human-element-decisions-about-use-force
• Known Unknowns: Data Issues and Military Autonomous Systems, Arthur Holland, May 2021
  https://unidir.org/known-unknowns 
• The Black Box Unlocked, Arthur Holland Michel, UNIDIR 2020
  https://unidir.org/publication/black-box-unlocked
• Does Military AI Have Gender? Understanding Bias and Promoting Ethical Approaches in Military. Katherine Chandler, UNIDIR, 2021. 
  https://unidir.org/publication/does-military-ai-have-gender-understanding-bias-and-promoting-ethical-approaches 

• Limits on Autonomy in Weapon Systems: Identifying Practical Elements of Human Control, SIPRI/ICRC, June 2020
  https://www.sipri.org/publications/2020/other-publications/limits-autonomy-weapon-systems-identifying-practical-elements-human-control-0

Cyber