In 2025, the world faces deteriorating security conditions. While military threats continue to dominate global headlines, a far broader range of security risks – many of which surpass purely military concerns – pose significant challenges. These developments are illustrated by the national security strategies of many States, which securitize environmental, technological and societal challenges. This research initiative proposes a framework for evaluating the coherence between the broader scope of national security priorities and budgetary allocations.
By examining an exploratory case study – Kenya – it compares stated security priorities with actual expenditures to assess alignment and promote transparency. The analysis reveals inconsistencies and challenges, including irregular reporting practices, difficulties in tracking expenditures due to frequent institutional reorganization, and a lack of transparency in certain sectors. The Kenya case study underscores the need for greater transparency, coordination and oversight in national security budgeting. Strengthening the link between stated priorities and actual expenditures is essential for effective governance, enhanced oversight and achieving long-term security outcomes.
Citation: Kuimova Alexandra, Anabel García García, Zubaida Karim and Nan Tian, "Evaluating the alignment between budgetary allocations and national security priorities. Exploratory Case Study: Kenya", UNIDIR, Geneva, 2025.