Recent discussions in a variety of intergovernmental, academic and policy forums have considered, among other issues, the objective of maintaining “meaningful human control” over increasingly autonomous weapons. This UNIDIR paper examines what may be understood by “meaningful human control”, its strengths and weaknesses as a framing concept for discussions on autonomy and weapon systems, as well as other conceptual and policy-oriented approaches that address concerns about the weaponization of increasingly autonomous technologies. It is the second in a series of UNIDIR papers on the weaponization of increasing autonomous technologies.