Following the 2015 joint session of the UN General Assembly’s First and Fourth Committees on possible challenges to space security and sustainability, during which states discussed various options for preserving space for peaceful uses and preventing an arms race, and the consensus adoption of the First Committee resolution on Transparency and Confidence-building Measures in Outer Space, UNIDIR’s 2016 Outer Space Conference focused on the current status of issues and processes critical to maintaining space as a peaceful domain.